Full Stack MVC

This section describes a technical overview of starting a new project with Java, Spring MVC, and JPA.

Overview

Initialize local workspace
Create Git repository
Create and configure JPA project
Create and configure Spring Boot project
Connect Spring Boot with JPA project
Create and configure MySQL database
Update Controllers
Write JUnit test and run smoke test

Initialize local workspace

Start by preparing space on your local environment where your project files will be stored.

Open a terminal
- Change directory to where your workspace will be
  - cd ~/Documents/sites
- Create .gitignore file
  - atom .gitignore
- Add the following and save the file:
```
.DS_Store
Servers
target
build
bin
.metadata
# .settings
.gradle
*.war
*.bak
```

Create Git repository

We will use Git as the version control system.

Create a new repository at GitHub.com
Initialize your local folder as a git repository and perform an initial commit:

echo "# MyProject" >> README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git branch -M main
git remote add origin https://github.com/myUsername/MyProject.git
git push -u origin main

Create and configure JPA project

Set up the Java Persistence API project in Spring Tool Suite (STS).

Set or confirm in STS > Preferences:
- Gradle > Specific Gradle version: 7.4.2
- Java > Compiler > Compiler compliance level: 1.8
- General > Workspace > Show full workspace path
- Console (search for) > Limit console output (uncheck)
Create JPA Project
- File > New > Other > JPA Project > Next
- Add source folders to structure:
  - src/main/java
  - src/main/resources
  - src/test/java
  - src/test/resources
- Click Next
  - JPA Implementation > Disable Library Configuration (select)
- Finish (don't open JPA Perspective if prompted)
In the Project Explorer panel:
- Drag the META-INF folder from src/main/java down one level to src/main/resources

Add Gradle using the following steps:

Right-click your project folder and select Configure > Add Gradle Nature
Reveal Gradle Tasks by clicking: Window > Show View > Other > Gradle Tasks
On the Gradle Tasks panel, select: Build > init (double-click)
Open the Console panel: accept defaults for the 4 prompts by hitting enter
Right-click the project folder and select: Refresh

Update build.gradle:

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'

/*
name your project's dependency group and give it an initial version.
the 'artifactId' is assigned automatically based on the project's name.
*/
group = 'com.myorganization'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'

// JDK versioning for compilation and generated bytecode
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8

eclipse {
  classpath {
    downloadSources = true
  }
}

// set query location for dependencies
repositories {
  jcenter()
}

/*
 set the version of hibernate to use to keep your dependencies DRY and
 consistent across artifactIds
*/
ext {
  hibernateVersion = "5.4.32.Final"
  mySqlConnectorVersion = "8.0.27"
  junit5Version = "5.8.2"
}

// define project specific dependencies
dependencies {
  implementation "mysql:mysql-connector-java:$mySqlConnectorVersion"
  implementation "log4j:log4j:1.2.17"
  implementation "org.hibernate:hibernate-core:$hibernateVersion"
  implementation "org.hibernate:hibernate-c3p0:$hibernateVersion"
  
  testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:$junit5Version")
}

test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

Run Gradle Refresh by right-clicking the project and selecting Gradle > Refresh Gradle Project

Create log4j.properties file under src/main/resources and src/test/resources with the following contents:

// Logging levels, from least verbose to most, are:
// OFF, FATAL, ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG, TRACE, and ALL
// Change this line from WARN to INFO for more detailed logging
log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=WARN
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

Under the META-INF folder, update persistence.xml using the following as a guideline:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.2"
	xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_2.xsd">
	<persistence-unit name="JPAMyProject">
		<provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider
    </provider>

		<!-- List Entities Here -->
		<class>com.myorganization.myproject.entities.User</class>

		<properties>
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
				value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/MYPROJECTDB?useSSL=false&amp;useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&amp;serverTimezone=US/Mountain" />
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="MYUSER" />
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="MYPASSWORD" />
			<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver" />

			<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
			<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />

			<property name="hibernate.dialect"
				value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class"
				value="org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider" />

			<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size" value="5" />
			<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size" value="0" />
			<property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment" value="1" />
			<property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period" value="300" />
			<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements" value="0" />
			<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout" value="60" />
		</properties>

	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

Copy the fully-qualified name from your listed entity and navigate to src/main/java (right-click) > New > Class

In the Name, paste the text from your clipboard as copied from the persistence.xml file above (it should auto-populate the package name), i.e. com.myorganization.myproject.entities.User

Stub out JUnit test

Create a new package under src/test/java for entities, i.e. com.myorganization.myproject.entities
Create New > JUnit Test
- Ensure JUnit Jupiter Test is selected
- Name: UserTest
- Add: @Before and @After annotations

Run Gradle refresh again, then commit and push your updates to the project repository.

Create and configure Spring Boot project

Get the package name from the JPA project you just created, i.e. com.myorganization.myproject
In STS, click New > Spring Starter Project
- Project name: Name of your project
- Gradle buildship 2.x
- Package name: Must match with JPA project
- Create packages and add empty stub class to each package
- Include Spring dependencies:
  - Spring Web
  - Spring Data JPA
  - MySQL Driver
- Click Finish

Configure JPA and JSTL dependencies. In build.gradle add the following:

implementation 'javax.servlet:jstl:1.2'
implementation 'org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-jasper'

Save and perform Gradle refresh.

Connect Spring Boot and JPA Projects

JPA project: settings.gradle > copy project name, i.e. 'JPAMyProject'
Boot project: settings.gradle > add: includeFlat 'JPAMyProject'
Boot project: build.gradle > add: implementation project(':JPAMyProject')

Save all files and perform another Gradle refresh. Verify by expanding the Projects and External Dependencies folder (in the Spring Boot project) and see JPAMyProject at the bottom.

Commit (Create Spring Boot MVC Project, add JPA Project dependency) and push.

Create web folder

Create the webapp/WEB-INF folder under src/main

In Package Explorer, expand src/main and right-click to select New > Folder and give it a name: webapp/WEB-INF
In it, create New > Other > JSP File and give it a name: home
Add a tag to pass data into from the backend: ${DEBUG}

Create Packages

Packages are folders that house separate concerns in a project. Create the following packages in the same level as com.myorganization.myproject:

Controllers
- com.myorganization.myproject.controllers
  - HomeController.java
Data
- com.myorganization.myproject.data
  - UserDAO.java
  - UserDaoJpaImpl.java

Controllers

new HomeController
@Controller
@RequestMapping(path = {"/", "home.do"})

Data

In the data package, select New > Interface and give it a name (i.e. UserDAO

Add a method to find a user by ID (import with CMD + O)

User findById(int userId);

In the package explorer, expand and right-click the purple I icon and select New > Class and give it a name:

UserDaoJpaImpl

@Service
@Transactional
@PersistenceContext
- private Entity Manager em;

File UserDaoImpl.java

package com.myorganization.myproject.data;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.myorganization.myproject.entities.User;

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDAO {

	@PersistenceContext
	private EntityManager em;

	@Override
	public User findById(int userId) {
		return em.find(User.class, userId);
	}

}

Update application.properties

File src/main/resources/application.properties

#### PORT CONFIG ####
##### Alternate Tomcat port
server.port=8081


#### JSP VIEW RESOLVER ####
##### Include if you used a ViewResolver to shorten the names of your views
spring.mvc.view.prefix: /WEB-INF/
spring.mvc.view.suffix: .jsp


#### MYSQL DATASOURCE ####
##### Configure to match your Database
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/FIXME?useSSL=false&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=US/Mountain
spring.datasource.username=FIXME
spring.datasource.password=FIXME
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver


#### LOGGING ####
##### Set to WARN for fewer log messages
logging.level.root=WARN
logging.level.org.springframework.web=DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=WARN
logging.level.org.hibernate.type=WARN
spring.jpa.show-sql=true


#### TOMCAT ####
spring.datasource.tomcat.max-active=10
spring.datasource.dbcp2.max-idle=8
spring.datasource.dbcp2.max-wait-millis=10000
spring.datasource.dbcp2.min-evictable-idle-time-millis=1000
spring.datasource.dbcp2.min-idle=8
spring.datasource.dbcp2.time-between-eviction-runs-millis=1

Commit and push

git commit -m 'Configure Spring, stub MVC code'

git pull

git push

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